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Shortly afterward, Commodore George Dewey returned the exiled Filipino revolutionary Emilio Aguinaldo to the islands. naval plans included provisions for an attack on the Spanish Navy in the event of war, and led to a decisive victory against the Spanish fleet at Manila Bay in May, 1898. Rising trade in East Asia suggested to imperialists that the Philippines, Spain’s largest colony, might serve as an effective “stepping stone” to China’s markets. Maine had blown up mysteriously in Havana Harbor), rather than of sugar and naval bases, and resulted in a formally independent Cuba. The brief campaign was pitched to the American public in terms of freedom and national honor (the U.S.S. The first had been in 1898, against Spain, whose remaining empire was crumbling in the face of popular revolts in two of its colonies, Cuba and the Philippines. This was the language that, when coupled with expanding military and commercial ambitions, had helped launch two very different wars. The United States, throughout its emergence as a world power, had spoken the language of liberation, rescue, and freedom. Many Americans were puzzled by the news, in 1902, that United States soldiers were torturing Filipinos with water. VENNAGE/OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY RARE BOOKS AND MANUSCRIPTS LIBRARY “It is a terrible torture,” one soldier wrote. A picture of a “water detail,” reportedly taken in May, 1901, in Sual, the Philippines.
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